Cough is a common symptom in respiratory diseases, mainly due to self-reaction of irritated trachea. Cough helps respiratory tract to clear secretions or foreign matters that invade from the outside, playing a protective role to the system. Therefore, various factors that have an impact on the trachea, such as colds, allergies, smoking, drugs and even Long COVID, can cause varying degrees of cough symptoms, and their duration also vary greatly.

"Cold and flu" cough
Cause
· Nose reflux may occur when you have a runny nose. The flow of nasal fluid into the throat will irritate the upper respiratory tract and induce coughing.
· After recovery, the upper respiratory tract is still on alert. If foreign matter irritates the upper respiratory tract, it may still induce coughing.
"Allergy" cough
Cause
· When the trachea comes into contact with allergens such as dust mites, dust, and others, it may stimulate the trachea to secrete a large amount of mucus, forming phlegm, and inducing productive cough.
· When the human body suddenly encounters a cold flow of air from the difference in temperature between indoors and outdoors, it may irritate the upper respiratory tract and induce coughing.
Long COVID
Cause
· The cause is currently unknown.
「藥物」引起的咳
Cause
· 一些血壓藥,如血管緊張素轉化酶抑制劑 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, ACEI) 的其中一種常見副作用是乾咳
How to relieve symptoms?

The forms of cough are mainly divided into “dry cough” and “productive cough”. As there are different approaches to relief the symptoms, the ingredients and effects of drug products must be clearly identified before medication. Dry Cough: since there is no phlegm, taking phlegm-reducing medicine may trigger the production of secreting mucus in the trachea and form phlegm, aggravating to become “productive cough”. Taking medicine containing Noscapine is effective in reliving the symptoms of dry cough. Productive Cough: since cough suppressant medication could prevent the coughing up of sputum, causing the adherence of sputum at the inner wall of trachea and induce tracheal inflammation, it is recommended to take phlegm-reducing medicine containing guaiphenesin to help the respiratory tract discharge secretions. During the medication, if your cough lasts for more than three weeks, or if you develop severe cold symptoms, difficulty breathing, pain or wheezing, or you should seek medical attention immediately.

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